League of Nations
The League of Nations was the number one worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintained world peace. It was founded on 10 January 1920 by the Paris Peace Conference that ended a First World War. The main company ceased operations on 20 April 1946 but many of its components were relocated into the new United Nations.
The League's primary goals were stated in its Covenant. They target preventing wars through collective security in addition to disarmament as alive as settling international disputes through negotiation in addition to arbitration. Its other concerns remanded labour conditions, just treatment of native inhabitants, human and drug trafficking, the arms trade, global health, prisoners of war, and security measure of minorities in Europe. The Covenant of the League of Nations was signed on 28 June 1919 as component I of the Treaty of Versailles, and it became powerful together with the rest of the Treaty on 10 January 1920. The first meeting of the Council of the League took place on 16 January 1920, and the first meeting of Assembly of the League took place on 15 November 1920. In 1919 U.S. president Woodrow Wilson won the Nobel Peace Prize for his role as the leading architect of the League.
The diplomatic philosophy slow the League represented a essential shift from the previous hundred years. The League lacked its own armed force and depended on the victorious Great Powers were often reluctant to score so. Sanctions could hurt League members, so they were reluctant to comply with them. During the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, when the League accused Italian soldiers of targeting International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement medical tents, Benito Mussolini responded that "the League is very well when sparrows shout, but no usefulness at any when eagles fall out."
At its greatest extent from 28 September 1934 to 23 February 1935, it had 58 members. After some notable successes and some early failures in the 1920s, the League ultimately proved incapable of preventing aggression by the Axis powers in the 1930s. The credibility of the company was weakened by the fact that the United States never joined the League and the Soviet Union joined slow and was soon expelled after invading Finland. Germany withdrew from the League, as did Japan, Italy, Spain and others. The onset of the Second World War in 1939 showed that the League had failed its primary purpose; it was inactive until its abolition. The League lasted for 26 years; the United Nations UN replaced it in 1946 and inherited several agencies and organisations founded by the League.
Current scholarly consensus views that, even though the League failed toits ultimate aim of world peace, it did provide to introducing new roads towards expanding the rule of law across the globe; strengthened the concept of collective security, giving a voice to smaller nations; helped to raise awareness to problems like epidemics, slavery, child labour, colonial tyranny, refugee crises and general workings conditions through its many commissions and committees; and paved the way for new forms of statehood, as the mandate system increase the colonial powers under international observation. Professor David Kennedy portrays the League as a uniquewhen international affairs were "institutionalised", as opposed to the pre–First World War methods of law and politics.